What is Hysterectomy?

A hysterectomy is a procedure where the uterus is surgically removed. This procedure is performed to treat various conditions that cause chronic pain, infection or cancer. There are many reasons why women undergo hysterectomies and the extent of the procedure depends on these reasons. In most cases, hysterectomy involves the removal of the entire uterus. The fallopian tubes and ovaries may also be removed. Once a woman has undergone a hysterectomy, she will no long have menstrual periods and cannot bear children.

There are many types of hysterectomy. The most important and frequently recommended ones are:

Partial hysterectomy: Only a portion of the uterus is removed and the cervix is left intact

Total hysterectomy: The entire uterus and cervix is removed

Hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy: The entire uterus is removed along with one or both of the fallopian tubes and ovaries

Why is a Hysterectomy necessary?

This procedure is performed to help treat a number of gynaecological issues, such as:

• Chronic pelvic pain
• Pelvic inflammatory disease – infection of the female reproductive organs
• Uterine, cervical or ovarian cancer
• Uncontrollable vaginal bleeding
• Uterine fibroids
• Uterine prolapse – protrusion of the uterus from the vagina through the cervix
• Endometriosis – condition where the uterine inner lining grows on the outside of the uterine cavity, leading to bleeding and pain
• Adenomyosis – condition where the uterine inner lining grows into the uterine muscles

How is a Hysterectomy performed?

There are different methods to a hysterectomy procedure and the doctor will determine the most suitable one depending on the patient’s condition and medical history.

Abdominal hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through a large horizontal or vertical incision in the abdominal area. There are chances of visible scarring.

Vaginal hysterectomy: The uterus is removed through a small incision made inside the vagina. There will be no visible scars.

Laparoscopic hysterectomy: A laparoscope is used to view the inside of the abdomen and remove the uterus. Few small incisions are made instead of a single large one.

A hysterectomy is a permanent sterilisation procedure. It may also induce sudden menopausal symptoms that can be difficult to cope with. If you may want to become pregnant later, speak to your doctor regarding alternatives and options.